The History of Hong Kong: From Fishing Village to Global Metropolis Hong Kong's history is a dramatic saga of transformation from a quiet fishing village into a vibrant global financial hub. This progression is marked by colonial rule, war, and the pursuit of democracy, illustrating the region's resilience and unique cultural identity. Early History and Colonial Beginnings Originally a sparsely populated area of farming and fishing villages, Hong Kong's modern history began when China ceded the island to the British after the First Opium War in 1842 under the Treaty of Nanking. This marked the start of British colonial rule, which significantly shaped its culture and infrastructure. The Growth of a Trading Port Under British rule, Hong Kong rapidly grew from a rocky landscape into a bustling port city. The establishment of the Victoria Harbour and improvements in infrastructure attracted international traders and settlers. By the early 20th century, Hong Kong had become a vital trading hub in Asia.